Optimal. Leaf size=272 \[ -\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {x}{a} \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.27, antiderivative size = 272, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 15, number of rules used = 12, integrand size = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 1.333, Rules used = {193, 321, 214, 212, 208, 205, 211, 1165, 628, 1162, 617, 204} \[ -\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {x}{a} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 193
Rule 204
Rule 205
Rule 208
Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 214
Rule 321
Rule 617
Rule 628
Rule 1162
Rule 1165
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{a+\frac {b}{x^8}} \, dx &=\int \frac {x^8}{b+a x^8} \, dx\\ &=\frac {x}{a}-\frac {b \int \frac {1}{b+a x^8} \, dx}{a}\\ &=\frac {x}{a}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}-\sqrt {-a} x^4} \, dx}{2 a}-\frac {\sqrt {b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-a} x^4} \, dx}{2 a}\\ &=\frac {x}{a}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{b}-\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2} \, dx}{4 a}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{b}+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2} \, dx}{4 a}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{b}-\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-a} x^4} \, dx}{4 a}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {\sqrt [4]{b}+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2}{\sqrt {b}+\sqrt {-a} x^4} \, dx}{4 a}\\ &=\frac {x}{a}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt [4]{-a}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt [4]{-a}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt [4]{-a}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{b} \int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{b}}{\sqrt [4]{-a}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 (-a)^{5/4}}\\ &=\frac {x}{a}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}\\ &=\frac {x}{a}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )}{4 (-a)^{9/8}}-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{b}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{9/8}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A] time = 0.34, size = 367, normalized size = 1.35 \[ \frac {\sqrt [8]{b} \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )-\sqrt [8]{b} \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )+\sqrt [8]{b} \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )-\sqrt [8]{b} \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\sqrt [4]{a} x^2+\sqrt [4]{b}\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{b} \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} x \sec \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-\tan \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{b} \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} x \sec \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+\tan \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right )+2 \sqrt [8]{b} \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\cot \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )-\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} x \csc \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{b}}\right )-2 \sqrt [8]{b} \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} x \csc \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+\cot \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right )+8 \sqrt [8]{a} x}{8 a^{9/8}} \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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fricas [B] time = 1.01, size = 385, normalized size = 1.42 \[ -\frac {4 \, \sqrt {2} a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} a^{8} x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} - \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} a x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + a^{2} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x^{2}} a^{8} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} - b}{b}\right ) + 4 \, \sqrt {2} a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {2} a^{8} x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} - \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} a x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + a^{2} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x^{2}} a^{8} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + b}{b}\right ) + \sqrt {2} a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt {2} a x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + a^{2} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x^{2}\right ) - \sqrt {2} a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} a x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + a^{2} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x^{2}\right ) + 8 \, a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {a^{8} x \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} - \sqrt {a^{2} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} + x^{2}} a^{8} \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}}}{b}\right ) + 2 \, a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x\right ) - 2 \, a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-a \left (-\frac {b}{a^{9}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x\right ) - 16 \, x}{16 \, a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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giac [B] time = 0.21, size = 442, normalized size = 1.62 \[ \frac {x}{a} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maple [C] time = 0.02, size = 34, normalized size = 0.12 \[ \frac {x}{a}-\frac {b \ln \left (-\RootOf \left (a \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+b \right )+x \right )}{8 a^{2} \RootOf \left (a \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+b \right )^{7}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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maxima [F] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ -\frac {\frac {1}{8} \, b {\left (\frac {2 \, \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {2 \, \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {2 \, \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{b \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {2 \, \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{b \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{b \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{b \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {b}{a}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{b \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}}\right )}}{a} + \frac {x}{a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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mupad [B] time = 1.21, size = 115, normalized size = 0.42 \[ \frac {x}{a}-\frac {{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {a^{1/8}\,x}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}}\right )}{4\,a^{9/8}}+\frac {{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {a^{1/8}\,x\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,a^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,a^{1/8}\,x\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{8}-\frac {1}{8}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{9/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,a^{1/8}\,x\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-b\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{8}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{9/8}} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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sympy [A] time = 0.22, size = 22, normalized size = 0.08 \[ \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (16777216 t^{8} a^{9} + b, \left (t \mapsto t \log {\left (- 8 t a + x \right )} \right )\right )} + \frac {x}{a} \]
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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